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英特尔SGX和区块链
iExec端到端解决方案
iExec很荣幸地宣布即将推出首个集成英特尔SGX的端到端解决方案，用于分布式计算的安全技术应用。在2018年10月30日布拉格Devcon4会议上，iExec和英特尔将宣布重大合作新闻。
张磊，iExec安全总监介绍了英特尔SGXEnclave技术，以及如何保证参与区块链网络的用户和应用的安全问题，特别是基于区块链的分布式云技术方面。
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正文相关链接
IntelSGX:https://software.intel.com/en-us/sgx
Thechallenge:Howcanweguaranteesecurityondecentralizedanddistributednetworks?
Blockchain-basedapplicationsandcomputingarenotownedorcontrolledbyonespecificentitybutratherpoweredbyadistributednetworkofmultiplemachinesor‘nodes’.Thedistributednatureofdecentralizedcloudcomputingnetworkspresentachallengetoguaranteesecurityasanyrootprivilegeusermayeasilyinspectthesensitivedataandtamperwiththeapplicationrunningonthedecentralizedhost.Fortraditionalcentralizedcloudcomputingproviders,itiseasiertoemployexistingsecuritymechanismsprotecttheinvolvedapplication.
Fordecentralizedblockchain-basedclouds,asilicon-basedsecuritysolution,called‘IntelSGX’,istheonlyefficientsolutiontoprotectusersandapplicationsinvolvedinBlockchain-baseddecentralizedcomputing.
IntelSGX(IntelSoftwareGuardExtensions),isasetofCPUinstructioncodesthatenabletheexecutionofselectpiecescodeanddatainprotectedareascalledenclaves.Basically,whileyouhaveanapplicationrunningonahostmachine,SGXenclavesessentiallyactasabubble,isolatingandprotectingtheapplicationfromthehostmachine,inthisway,eventherootprivilegeadministratorofthehostmachineisnotabletopenetratethisbubbletoaccessandtamperwiththeapplication.
英特尔和微软携手打击加密劫持:金色财经报道，英特尔和微软正携手打击恶意加密货币挖矿。用于帮助抵御高级安全威胁的企业级解决方案Microsoft Defender for Endpoint已扩大了英特尔威胁检测技术（TDT）的使用范围，以打击非法加密货币挖矿（即“加密劫持”）。该解决方案依靠遥测数据来检测CPU性能中的任何异常情况。与其他类型的防御不同，TDT能够在恶意软件设法感染受害者的计算机以挖掘加密货币之前对其进行检测。[2021/4/27 21:01:36]
AnintroductiontoIntelSGXEnclaves-iExecSecurityR&D,LeiZhang
“WhatmakesIntelSGXcompellingisthatitprovidesahardwaretrustedexecutionenvironment(TEE),allowingbetterprotectionsfordatain-use,at-restandin-transit,built-inCPUinstructionsandplatformenhancementsprovidecryptographicassertionsforthecodethatispermittedtoaccessthedata.Ifthecodeisalteredortampered,thenaccessisdeniedandtheenvironmentdisabled.”
—RickEchevarria,VicepresidentofIntel’sSoftwareandServicesGroup.
1.TheiExecE2ESGXsolution
iExecispioneeringthebuildingofablockchain-enableddecentralizedanddistributedcloudnetwork.Theyhavenowprovidedthefirsteverfullandend-to-endsolutionintegratingSGXfortheblockchain-basedcloud.SomeofourinitialworkwithintelSGXcanbereadinthisblogpostandiscoveredinthisvideopresentation.iExecpresentedthefirstphaseofworkonSGXinMarch2018attheIBMThinkConferenceinLasVegasandco-presentedalongsideIntelinMay2018atConsensusinNewYork..Thisfirstphasefocusedontheprotectionofthesecretsbuiltindecentralizedapplications:althoughtheapplicationsrunsondecentralizednodes,theinvolvedsensitivedatacannotbeinspectedoralteredwithbymaliciousattackersonthenetwork.Howeverthefirststageofworkwasbasedonsomesophisticated(raw)frameworksandthefunctionalityofthesolutionwaslimitedtoonlyprotectnativesecretsoftheapplication,furthermorethesolutioncouldbecomplicatedforappdevelopersandusers,especiallyforthosewhoarenotinthefieldofITandcomputing.
Phala：英特尔缓存泄露漏洞并未对TEE项目造成影响:金色财经报道，日前，Intel已于6月9日发布微码补丁修复了缓存泄露漏洞（CVE-2020-0548/0549），即所谓可被利用泄露敏感数据的漏洞。经由Phala Network团队测试确认，未升级的Intel SGX设备已经被吊销证书，SGX设备必须升级才能通过远程认证。
据悉该漏洞是由安全团队于去11月向Intel提交报告的，1月与英特尔共同公布初步信息，6月9日释放补丁并吊销证书，该漏洞没有对TEE项目造成实际安全影响。[2020/6/15]
iExechastocontinuedtomakesignificantcontributions,workingdiligentlywithourpartners,topushforwardapowerfulanduser-friendlyend-to-endSGXsolution.Thissolutionisintendedtobeusedasanindustryreferencetoenhancetheoverallsecurityofdecentralizedcloudcomputing.ThisnewSGXsolution,combinedwithBlockchain,allowsforunmatchedleveloftrustforDecentralizedApplications(Dapps)andexecution/dataprocessingondecentralizednodes.TheiExecapproachspecificallyallowsBlockchaintoworkwithSGXinorderto:
ProtecttheDAppandprovidefulldataprotectionthatcannotbeaccessedbytheexecutionhost,especiallyforuser’sinputandoutputdata.
GuaranteetheintegrationoftheDapp/Data,makingsurethecorrectandexpectedDApporDataisrunningonthedecentralizednode.
Provideblockchain-basedvalidationforoff-chaincomputing,verifyingthattheDappiscorrectlyexecutedinanenclaveandisneithertamperednorinterruptedbythedecentralizednode.Asmart-contractsignatureissignedinsidethissecureenclavebeforetheverificationisdonebytheblockchainnetwork.
英特尔吴闻新：借助区块链技术，帮助pc租赁市场的健康发展:5月27日，“英特尔X蚂蚁区块链普惠科技助力中小发布会直播”在线上进行。在圆桌论坛《新基建浪潮下，普惠科技为中小企业带来的发展新机遇》中，英特尔行业解决方案集团首席技术官吴闻新指出，在PC租赁的市场，借助区块链技术，使得在这一链条上的数据是分布式的且不可篡改的，帮助pc租赁市场的健康发展。英特尔提供了一个技术平台的支撑，帮助整个PC租赁市场相对健康发展。信息技术是一个高科技，但信息技术的服务并不是高高在上的服务，中小企业可以利用我们的租赁平台，可以在较低成本下使用科技的便利，透过这个平台英特尔通过现有技术能力帮助中小企业解决在使用电脑过程中的一些问题，促进企业用起来且用的好。[2020/5/27]
MakesuretheexecutionandDAppresultisvalid,neithercopied,norfabricatedbymaliciousdecentralizednode.
Protecttheend-to-endprivacyofDAppresult,whichcanneverbeinspectedbyanyoneelsebuttheuser.
Afriendly-userinterface:significantsimplificationforuserstoencrypt/decrypttheinput/outputdataandtriggertheSGXapplicationexecution.
EasyusabilityisakeyelementofUserExperience;withthenewiExecE2ESGXsolution,useronlyneeds3simplestepstorunanE2ESGXapplicationandtoprovideafullprotectionofuser’sinputandoutputdata.
Let’sthinkaboutatypicalSGXapplication,sayforexampleaFinTechapplication.Theapplicationisfedbysomeuserinputdatawhichcontainssomeuser’spersonalandsensitivesecrets(e.g.bankaccountinformation,personalprivacy,etc…),theoutputresultsoftheapplicationalsocontainsomesensitivedataandareonlyintendedtouserwhotriggerstheapplication.Theinputdataandtheoutputresultsneedtobestrictlyprotectedduringthewholeprocedure.Thenon-encryptedsensitivedataneverleavesuserlocalscopeorhigh-securedtrustedexecutionenvironment:SXGenclave.Hereisagenericdescriptionofthe3simplestepsofiExec’sSGXsolution.
英特尔公司与制药行业合作遏制鸦片类药物危机:据彭博社消息，英特尔目前正与制药行业合作，目的在于运用区块链技术更好追踪药物，遏制鸦片类药物的过度使用。据统计，每天约有115名美国人死于过量服药。[2018/4/30]
Step1:Useronlyneedstorunonesimplecommandwhichallowstoautomatically:
Encryptuser’sinputdata
Pushtheencrypteddatatoaremotefilesystem(i.e.theremotefilesystemcanbeanypublicfilesharingserviceandenduserisfreetochoosehis/herpreferredone,pleasenotethatthisserviceisnotprovidedbyiExec)
Updaterelatedsessiondata(i.e.eachuser’striggeringoftheapplicationisasession)toaSGXbasedsecretmanagementservice.Secretmanagementservicecanbedeployedinaflexibleway:itcanbeatuser’sside,orscheduler’sside(i.e.SGXworkpool).
Step2:UsertriggersthetargetapplicationviasimpleclicksfromtheiExecDappstoreandmarketplaceviaauser-friendlyUIinterface.
OncethetargetapplicationistriggeredatremoteSGXdecentralizednode,theapplicationwillfirstlyautomaticallypulltheencrypteduserinputdatafromremotefilesystem(i.e.pushedinstep1);retrievethesecretkeyviasecuredSGXprovisionchannel,whichisthenusedtodecrypttheuserinputdata,thedecryptionisdoneonlyinsidethehigh-securedtrustedenvironment—SGXenclave;thedecrypteddatacanthenbeusedtofeedtheapplicationexecution,assoonastheapplicationresultisavailable,asignatureisprecededbasedontheprivatekeyprotectedinsidetheSGXenclave,whichcannotbeinspectedbytheoutsideworld.TheapplicationresultisfinallyencryptedandthentheiExec’sverificationprocedure(i.e.ProofofContribution)istriggered.EverythingissecurelyhappenedinsidetheIntelSGXenclaveensuredbyIntelhardwareCPUandnosecretisabletorevealedtotheoutsideworld.
芯片安全性遭质疑 英特尔股价连跌2日:英特尔股价周四下跌5%至43美元，创下2016年10月19日以来最大单日跌幅。在安全研究人员披露了一系列安全漏洞后，他们表示使用英特尔和AMD公司芯片的电脑或手机设备可能会更易遭到黑客入侵。受此消息影响，英特尔股价自周三开始连续2日下跌，累计跌幅接近7% 。[2018/1/5]
Thesignatureisfinallytransferredtoon-chainnetworkandverifiedbyon-chainsmartcontractviatheregisteredcorrespondingpublickey.Ifthesignatureverificationpassesandapplicationresult’strustlevelachievesagiventhreshold.Theuserwillbeinformedtodownloadtheencryptedresult.
Thewholeprocedureisdoneautomaticallyinahighsecureway,andthisprocedureistriggeredbyonlysomesimpleclicksfromuserviathefriendlyUIinterface.
Fig.1iExec’sE2ESGXworkflow
Step3:Usercandownloadtheencryptedresultpackage,andusercanjustrunonesimplecommandtodecrypttheresult.Pleasenotethatonlytheuserwhotriggersthetask(i.e.SGXapplication)isabletodownloadtheencryptedresult,andonlytheuserownsthekeytodecrypttheapplicationresult.
Pleasenotethattheprocedureisplatformindependent,andthereforeiscompatiblewithdifferentoperatingsystems:Windows,Linux,MacOS.
Inthenearfuture,wewillfurthersimplifyuser’sprocedure—allthethreestepswillbeintegratedintoonesimplestep,andcanbedonebyseveralsimpleclicksfromuserviauserfriendlyuserinterface—https://market.iex.ec/.
2.TheiExecSolutionisSGXVendorAgnostic
TheiExecplatformisopentodifferentSGXsolutionvendors.Specifically,iExechasbeencollaboratingwithSCONEandFortanixtointegratetheirSGXframeworksintoiExec’sE2ESGXsolution.WearealsointhephaseofevaluatingIntel’sPDOframework.Inthefuture,wewillalsoconsidertheSGXframeworkofGraphene/Graphene-ng.AllthemainstreamSGXsolutionswillbe100%compatiblewithiExec’splatform,andwewillleaveiExecDappdevelopersanduserstofreelychoosetheirpreferredSGXframeworks.OurobjectistopromotetheemergenceofanecosystemwhichprovidestrustedexecutionforBlockchainbasedcomputing,andthesetrustedservicecanbemonetizedviaiExec’smarketplace.
3.iExecContributionstowardsIndustryStandardization
iExecarepioneersinthefieldofblockchain-basedTrustComputing,andisveryactiveinleadingandpushingforwardtheindustrialstandardizationforinthiscontextforBlockchaintechnology.
Especially:
iExecisveryactiveinEEA(EnterpriseEthereumAlliance):iExecischairingtheTrustedComputeWorkGroup,andkeepscontributingandpushingforwardtheEEAspecifications,especiallytheOff-chainTrustedComputeSpecificationwhichistobepubliclyreleasedsoon.
iExecisactiveinIEEEaswell.iExecismemberofIEEEP2418,andisinvolvedinIEEEstandardprojectonDLT-basedFederatedIdentity,CredentialandTrustManagement.iExecleadsthestandardizationworkinseveralBlockchainbaseddomains,especiallythesecurityandTEE(TrustedExecutionEnvironment)
iExeciscollaboratingwithhardwaretrustedexecutionvendorstomoveforwardthishardwarebasedsecuritysolution(SGX)tobefullystandard-compliant,staytunedforthecomingupdatesduringDevcon4.
iExecisalsocollaboratingwithourpartnerstomoveforwardthestandardizationforBlockchainbasedFogComputinginthecontextofOpenFogconsortium.SomeresultofthefirststagecollaborationwithourpartnersonFogComputingwillbereleasedsoon,pleasestaytunedinthefollowingdays.
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