THE:美联储四年多来首次加息 点阵图显示后面连着还有9次

在结束两天的会议后,北京时间今天凌晨,美联储宣布加息25个基点。

这是2018年以来美国首次加息。

从新闻稿看,联储认为价格压力是普遍的,不只是能源价格,还有劳动力等,目前的失业率已明显下降(2月份美国CPI通胀率为7.9%,40年来最高;失业率为3.8%,已接近疫前水平)。

联储准备从下次会议开始,减少国债和机构债MBS的持有量。

投票委员中,圣路易斯联储主席James Bullard投票加息50个基点。

据FT报道,在会后的记者会上,联储主席鲍威尔谈到加息是为了应对高通胀和紧张的劳动力市场 extremely tight labor market in high inflation.

点阵图(dot plot,投票委员对利率区间的预测)显示,联储官员比三个月前调高了利率预测,预计2022年剩下的时间还将加息6次,2023年加息至少3次。联邦基金利率届时将达到2.8%,高于影响经济增长的“中性位置”(多数官员预测的中性利率为2.4%)。

花旗:美联储现在对最新通胀的反应更多,因为对自己的通胀预测没信心:10月9日消息,传统上,美联储根据对通胀的预测制定政策,而通胀的预测滞后于产出的变化。但花旗首席全球经济学家Nathan Sheets表示,官员们现在对最新通胀数据的反应更多,因为他们对自己预测通胀的能力完全没有信心。他说,他担心美联储会过度加息,但他也承认,服务业的通胀“相当令人担忧”。一个风险是,经济活动大幅放缓,但会以比通常更长时间的延迟传导至通胀指标。例如,近几个月来二手车批发价格一直在下降,但这尚未在价格指数中得到广泛体现。房价和房租的计算方法尤其落后。Sheets表示,在放缓加息之前等待通胀下降的证据,意味着货币政策可能会“被未来几个月极有可能逆转的事情所挟持”。(金十)[2022/10/9 12:49:56]

美联储梅斯特赞成将利率提高并保持在4%上方:金色财经报道,美国克利夫兰联储主席梅斯特(Loretta Mester)表示,美联储“全力以赴”对抗通货膨胀,她赞成在明年初将利率提高到4%以上,并保持在那里以遏制价格压力。Mester在接受采访时表示:“我认为我们将不得不把利率提高到4%以上,并且可能需要在明年将其保持在这一水平。”(彭博社)[2022/8/27 12:51:30]

美国CPI(1965-2022)

美国劳动参与率(1948-2022)

联储新闻稿如下:

March 16, 2022

For release at 2:00 p.m. EDT

美联储将基准利率上调50个基点 符合市场预期:5月5日消息,美联储将基准利率上调50个基点至0.75%-1.00%区间,为2000年以来首次大幅加息50个基点,符合市场预期。 (金十)[2022/5/5 2:50:22]

Indicators of economic activity and employment have continued to strengthen. Job gains have been strong in recent months, and the unemployment rate has declined substantially. Inflation remains elevated, reflecting supply and demand imbalances related to the pandemic, higher energy prices, and broader price pressures.

“债王”格罗斯:美联储激进加息恐将瓦解美国经济:3月19日消息,“债王”格罗斯认为,如果美联储上调联邦基金利率至超过2.50%-3.00%的水平,可能会“破坏美国经济”。虽然通胀率达到令人担忧的水平,但是美联储将无法把利率上调到比2.5%-3.00%更高的水平,“我们就是习惯了越来越低的利率,任何大幅提升都会破坏房地产市场。”低利率抑制储蓄,并助长了网红股和非同质化代币之类的热潮,“所有这些乱七八糟的”都是因为美国人无法从退休基金那里获得可观的回报。 (金十)[2022/3/19 14:06:37]

The invasion of Ukraine by Russia is causing tremendous human and economic hardship. The implications for the U.S. economy are highly uncertain, but in the near term the invasion and related events are likely to create additional upward pressure on inflation and weigh on economic activity.

中金公司:美联储大概率开启加息周期,市场宽幅波动仍将延续甚至放大:3月16日,中金公司报告指出,本周美联储将大概率开启加息周期,我们预计首次加息,无论加25还是50个基点,并不意味着靴子落地,市场宽幅波动仍将延续甚至放大。在多重供给冲击与联储紧缩背景下,2022年美国股市估值将大幅下调,但盈利仍有望上行。(新浪财经)[2022/3/16 13:58:59]

The Committee seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2 percent over the longer run. With appropriate firming in the stance of monetary policy, the Committee expects inflation to return to its 2 percent objective and the labor market to remain strong. In support of these goals, the Committee decided to raise the target range for the federal funds rate to 1/4 to 1/2 percent and anticipates that ongoing increases in the target range will be appropriate. In addition, the Committee expects to begin reducing its holdings of Treasury securities and agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities at a coming meeting.

In assessing the appropriate stance of monetary policy, the Committee will continue to monitor the implications of incoming information for the economic outlook. The Committee would be prepared to adjust the stance of monetary policy as appropriate if risks emerge that could impede the attainment of the Committee's goals. The Committee's assessments will take into account a wide range of information, including readings on public health, labor market conditions, inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and financial and international developments.

Voting for the monetary policy action were Jerome H. Powell, Chair; John C. Williams, Vice Chair; Michelle W. Bowman; Lael Brainard; Esther L. George; Patrick Harker; Loretta J. Mester; and Christopher J. Waller. Voting against this action was James Bullard, who preferred at this meeting to raise the target range for the federal funds rate by 0.5 percentage point to 1/2 to 3/4 percent. Patrick Harker voted as an alternate member at this meeting.

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